Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases in the world.Despite all its complexity, there are methods that allow you to considerably facilitate human life.First of all, it is necessary to observe a certain diet.
If you adhere to properly prescribed nutrition, then diabetes will not affect well-being well, and moreover, the probability of various types of complications is reduced, including a heart attack, a stroke, etc.
Types of diets
The diet in diabetes is determined according to the type of disease itself and the age category.There are therefore general principles to build good nutrition, which are adjusted on the basis of individual indicators of the human body.
Since it is impossible to cure the disease, to reduce the danger of it, a certain menu is prescribed.The use of appropriate dishes at a clearly specified moment is necessary for:
- Reduce the risk of chronic and acute complications;
- Maintain good health and relatively strong immunity;
- prevent a set of excess weight or get rid of it;
- Preservation of blood sugar within the authorized limits.
There are two types of diabetes.The first in other words is called dependent on insulin.Its development is associated with the lesion and death of cells in the pancreas and is responsible for the production of insulin.
With him, food aims to maintain the insulin therapy process and is rather an additional method of control over the disease.Its principles are similar to those to whom healthy people adhere to making a good figure and well.
The main difference is the need to calculate the number of carbohydrates.Since the treatment of 1 type of diabetes is to take insulin, you should monitor the percentage of daily carbohydrates.As a rule, it should not exceed 60%.
Since type 2 diabetes, it also depends on insulin, develops in obese people, as a result, the diet is first.At the initial stage of the disease or easy, the meaning lies in a rational way of excess weight.
When diabetes of this type reaches average or even serious, in addition to diet, taking medication aimed at reducing blood sugar or insulin levels.It should be noted that in such cases, special attention should be paid to physical effort.Thanks to them, a problem such as obesity can be solved without surgical intervention.
The most popular diets are the SO-appel 8 and 9 table. The eighth food table is applicable to those who suffer from overweight or tend to finish.The ninth is considered a base to determine the diet for diabetics.
Diet n ° 9 for diabetes
Diet n ° 9 is considered to be therapeutic and prescribed to normalize metabolism (carbohydrates).It also aims to prevent violations associated with fat metabolism.Its calorie content should not exceed 2500 kcal.
A similar diet is characterized as follows:
- The calorie content should be reduced using animal fats and carbohydrates, which are easily absorbed (except candy and sugar);
- Partial restriction or complete exclusion of cholesterol and salt;
- More consumption of more vitamins and fibers;
- The protein content should be in the standard.
The basis of all useful diets, including the ninth, is the right meal.It is often necessary to eat in small portions.In total, the frequency must be 5 or 6 times a day.
Frying or simmering dishes should be eaten as little as possible or forget them completely.First, must be cooked and boiled.It is best to develop a menu for a week, as it will be easier to monitor this.A special preference must be given to the following products:
- weak fat in fat;
- low fat fish;
- vegetables that do not contain more than 5% carbohydrates;
- Fruits (not all);
- Sugar -free natural drinks.
As for seasonings and eggs, their consumption must be limited.This is particularly true for egg yolks.The number of proteins per day should not exceed 1.5 pieces.In addition to the fact that it is necessary to exclude candies from the diabetes menu, also prohibiting pasta, butter and dough in layers, marinated vegetables.
It is categorically impossible to consume bananas, dates, figs, grapes and all its derivatives.The same goes for fats such as pork, ram and beef.To obtain the necessary fats, you should use the butter (salt without salt) and vegetables in moderation.
Diet n ° 9 acts as the base used when prescribing the necessary nutrition.According to personal indicators of a person with diabetes, he is adjusted.There are different types of diets that can be combined and find an appropriate option for yourself.
What is a bread unit?
Since the meaning in good nutrition for diabetics is to consume carbohydrates in certain quantities, you should know how this darling standard is determined, of which it depends on the quantity and what products you need to eat.
All products that include carbohydrates, various physical properties, a calorie content, etc.The usual measurement method is not subject to these characteristics.In addition, the nutrition of diabetes requires increased control over its own daily standard.
In order to facilitate the determination of the quantity you need to eat this product or this product and not go beyond what is authorized, nutritionists have introduced the term "unit of bread".The concept is applied in cases where insulin is prescribed diabetics.
With such a measured unit, it is much easier for a person to understand what can be eaten and drink, and what is impossible.It is its healthy menu based on personal indicators and can also change certain products to others containing carbohydrates.
As a rule, in a day, a person must consume 18 to 25 units of this type.Since there should be five meals, it is logically rational to distribute this amount at all times.The main "dose" should enter the body in the morning.To monitor the number of bread units consumed, you can paint the menu during the day.
How many calories to consume per day?
The diet for diabetes requires abandoning many products and dishes that could previously enter the daily diet.However, do not confuse foods that normalize sugar levels with the one needed to lose additional kilo.
The power supply of diabetes of the 1st type aims precisely to correctly calculate the amount of insulin required.The calorie content in this case does not play such an important role.He must be watched so as not to gain weight.
Type 2 diabetes really requires increased control over the calories consumed, because it often develops precisely in the context of obesity.However, it also does not bother to bring them to the calculation of fanaticism either.
The number of calories per day is calculated according to individual body indicators.The diet itself must be low, but it does not imply a complete absence of carbohydrates.It is necessary to eat, but it is important not to eat too much.
When the question arises, which can be eaten with type 2 diabetes, many believe that you should sit on almost only crackers and water.It is categorically impossible.Food must be full, containing vitamins and fibers.
There are different recipes of delicious, satisfactory and at the same time useful dishes that will not improve, but at the same time, a person will be full of strength and energy.What specific products should be consumed and what approximate calories are authorized per day, stipulated with your doctor.
Useful and harmful products
The low -carb -content diets are different.For a healthy person, they are less strict than for those who have diagnosed diabetes.But their meaning is the same.They vary in the main list of products divided in healthy and harmful for diabetics.
Useful
- All types of vegetables;
- Green (spinach, sorrel, dill);
- Mushrooms;
- meat and fish (low heaps);
- coffee and tea;
- mineral water.
Harmful
Moderately raise sugar:
- potato;
- cereals;
- Pasta, including from solid varieties;
- Small Milk products.
Strongly raise sugar:
- candies;
- Honey;
- drinks with sugar;
- alcohol;
- grapes and its derivatives;
- Net and savory seasonings.
Such a product division is generally accepted and is often considered a basis when developing a menu for diabetes.But what is useful to one can be harmful to the other.Since everything is relative, an individual diet is compiled for each diabetic.
How to eat with obesity
There is an opinion that to lose weight, it is necessary to adhere to a strict diet with low calorimia.But the fact is that it does not work.Many studies have shown that with a decrease in the caloricity of their diet, with the exception of a constant feeling of hunger to hungry fainting, nervousness and other things, nothing more happens.
With such a diet, it will be possible to lose weight literally a few kilograms, but if at the same time the body was distinguished by elasticity and good muscles, then that is all that everything will leave it in the first place.Subcutaneous fats will not go anywhere, and sometimes on the contrary will accumulate even more.
The protein diet implies active protein consumption and a parallel decrease in the amount of fat and carbohydrates.The approach itself is not bad, but there are also nuances here.Again, it is impossible to do too much with proteins, and it is completely prohibited for the fats of the diet.The absence of carbohydrates will cause vital energy loss.
As a result, everything comes back to a low -down diet.In itself, it is necessary to reduce sugar.In weight loss, it is not a rescuer, but of all present, it is the best.Its merit is that all the necessary elements necessary to maintain a vital activity fall into the body.
Thus, when there is a rational quantity of natural fats, proteins and carbohydrates, it is not necessary to make deposits.Metabolism begins to function as a clock, there is no chronic meaning of hunger, the symptoms of the disease disappear practically and a person becomes more active.
Type 1 diabetes diet
To maintain the normal state of the body in type 1 diabetes, the same low carb diet is necessary.But in this case, it should be strict.The table number here does not play a special role, although diet n ° 9 is often considered a base.
The problem is that even the action of insulin is very different, so it is quite difficult to normalize the indicators.This is why it is necessary to adhere to a certain nutrition.Less carbohydrates enter the body, the less insulin needs.
It should be understood that his own diet is interconnected with the personal dosage of insulin.Therefore, when you develop your menu, you must take into account the amount of the drug.It is best to paint it during the day to make it easier to follow.
Type 2 diabetes diet
Since type 2 diabetes is less complicated than the 1st type, the diet is necessary to get rid of excess weight and prevent it in the future.Again, the low carbohydrate diet is also recommended.Of course, it is an approximate diet that is adjusted.Its meaning to normalize glucose and insulin in the blood, as well as insulin resistance control.
Some train by taking various tablet loss tablets and treatment with folk remedies.The first should be forgotten in general, because at best there will be no use of these drugs.
The folk remedies, as a rule, consist of infusions and decorations based on plants.If you really understand healing plants, it may be possible to do something from this, but it is not worth doing it.
Renal failure
In the context of the disease, kidney failure can develop.It should be understood that it is not caused by food proteins, as many do so wrongly, but by an increase in blood sugar.
The active development of such a disease is suspended when the level of glucose is standardized.The diet helps this.Regime squirrels are not excluded, but with carbohydrates, you need to work.Good nutrition, available to ordinary people, can even lead to the fact that the kidneys will restore completely.
However, if the process is brought to the extreme, there will be no return to healthy kidneys.In addition, in this case, the low carb diet can speed up the destructive process.In order not to bring it, you must monitor your condition, and the table created by yourself will help control the power where the dishes and doses of insulin are painted, if necessary.
Other important points
Diabetes can develop at any age.In children, he can occur in the context of the fact that there was a supercharging with flour products, candies, etc.After discovering the problem over time and starting to solve it properly, complications can be avoided.
In women, the disease can occur for various reasons.Constant constraints, abundant nutrition (mainly harmful products), as well as inactivity can cause overweight and, therefore, type 2 diabetes.
Very often, there is a situation where the disease occurred during pregnancy.This is due to violations in the hormonal context.In addition, a woman during this period can actively consume products that can cause diabetes.
As a rule, a less strict diet acts for pregnant women, which aims to normalize the processes in the body and partially reduce the weight, but without harming the fetus.
With gestational diabetes or diabetes in the context of pregnancy, strict nutrition should only be specified with a specialist.The diet must be adjusted taking into account that there is a parallel development of the fetus.By excluding all the products, you can harm the unborn child.
In men, type 2 diabetes develops slightly less often than in women.This is due to the fact that they have somewhat accelerated metabolism.But harmful food, alcohol dependence and insignificant physical activity, will easily lead to such a problem.